Solid State - Chapter Notes - Class XII

TOP CONCEPTS 

Solid: Solid is a state of matter in which the constituting particles are arranged very closely. The constituent particles can be atoms, molecules or ions.

Properties of solids: 

1. They have definite mass, volume and shape. 
2. Intermolecular distances are short and hence the intermolecular forces are strong. 
3. Their constituent particles have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. 
4. They are incompressible and rigid.

Classification of on the basis of the arrangement of constituent particles: 

• Crystalline solids: The arrangement of constituent particles is a regular orderly arrangement. Example: iron, copper, diamond, graphite 
• Amorphous solids: The arrangement of constituent particles is an irregular arrangement. Example: Glass, plastics, rubber

Properties of crystalline solids: