Solid State - Chapter Notes - Class XII

TOP CONCEPTS 

Solid: Solid is a state of matter in which the constituting particles are arranged very closely. The constituent particles can be atoms, molecules or ions.

Properties of solids: 

1. They have definite mass, volume and shape. 
2. Intermolecular distances are short and hence the intermolecular forces are strong. 
3. Their constituent particles have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. 
4. They are incompressible and rigid.

Classification of on the basis of the arrangement of constituent particles: 

• Crystalline solids: The arrangement of constituent particles is a regular orderly arrangement. Example: iron, copper, diamond, graphite 
• Amorphous solids: The arrangement of constituent particles is an irregular arrangement. Example: Glass, plastics, rubber

Properties of crystalline solids: 

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry - Chapter Summary

Chemistry deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter.
Matter mainly exists in three forms - solid, liquid and gaseous forms. These forms are inter convertible by changing the temperature and pressure.

SOLID <----> LIQUID <----> GAS

• Solids have a definite volume and definite shape. The particles are closely attached and there is not much freedom of movement.
• Liquids does not have a definite shape but have a definite volume. The particles are not so close and there is a freedom of movement.
• Gases neither have definite shape nor have a definite volume. The particles are situated as far as they can and are able to move freely.